Monday, October 20, 2014

Useful resources for Visual Arts Teachers

Visual Art Lesson Ideas:
ArtsEdge: Tips on creative art education:
Ideas for Art Lessons:
Ideas for Art Lessons from AEContent:
Learning about the experiences of individuals are are disabled through Art:
Ware, L. (2011). When Art Informs: Inviting Ways to See the Unexpected. Learning Disability Quarterly, 2011, 34: 194
Various resources for teaching Visual Arts:

Image references


1.0 - Retrieved on 11th October 2014 from: 
1.1 - Retrieved on 12th October 2014 from
1.3 – Retrieved on 10th October 2014 from:
1.4 – Retrieved on 12th October 2014 from:
1.5 – Retrieved on 12th October 2014 from:
<http://teachersnetwork.org/ntny/nychelp/math/effectivemathvocab2.htm>
1.6 – Own example

1.7 – Own example

References

 [1] NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum (2012). Differentiated Programming. Retrieved on 10th October 2014 from: < http://syllabus.bos.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/differentiated-programming/>

[2] Wragg, E.C., Haynes, G.S., Wragg, C.M. & Chamberlain, R.P. (2000). Failing Teachers? London: Routledge.

[3] Tomlinson, C and Allan, S. (2000),. Leadership for Differentiating Schools and Classrooms, ASCD: Alexandria, VA.

[4] Randi J, Newman T, Grigorenko E. Teaching children with autism to read for meaning: Challenges and possibilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2010; 40(7):890–902.

[5] Australian Curriculum and Assessment Reporting Authority (ACARA) (2014). English as an Additional Language or Dialect Teacher Resource : EAL/D Overview and Advice. Retrieved 20th August 2014 from 
[6] Wylie, J. & McGuinness, C. (2004), The interactive effects of prior knowledge and text structure on memory for cognitive psychology texts. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74: 497–514. 
[7] Sansone,C., Smith,J.L., Thoman,D.B. & MacNamara,A. (2012). Regulating interest when learning online: Potential motivation and performance trade-offs, The Internet and Higher Education, Volume 15, Issue 3, June 2012, 141-149,
[8] Duff, P. A. (2001). Language, Literacy, Content, and (Pop) Culture: Challenges for ESL Students in Mainstream Courses. Canadian Modern Language Review, 58(1), 103
[9] Lifshitz, H.,Shtein S., Weiss, I. & Svisrsky, N. (2011) Explicit memory among individuals with mild and moderate intellectual disability: educational implications, European Journal of Special Needs Education, 26:1, 113-124

[10] Whalon, K. J., Al Otaiba, S., & Delano, M. E. (2009). Evidence-based reading instruction for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24(1), 3-16.

[11] Levén, A., Lyxell, B., Andersson, J. & Danielsson, H.,(2014) Pictures as cues or as support to verbal cues at encoding and execution of prospective memories in individuals with intellectual disability, Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 16:2, 141-158

[12] Mitchell, D. (2014). What really works in special and inclusive education: Using evidence-based teaching strategies (2nd Edition), Routeledge. pp.35-46

[14] Gray, J. H., & Viens, J. T. (1994). The theory of multiple intelligences. National Forum, 74(1), 22.

[15] Kim, A., V, Sharon., Wanzek, J. & Wei, S., (2004). Graphic Organizers and Their Effects on the Reading Comprehension of Students with LD: A Synthesis of Research. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2004, 37:105

[16] Teacher’s Network: Effective Mathematics Vocabulary Instructional Strategies You Can Count On Part 2. Retrieved on 12th October 2014 from: http://teachersnetwork.org/ntny/nychelp/math/effectivemathvocab2.htm

[17] North Illinois University, Faculty Development and Instruction Design Center. Teaching with Bloom’s revised Taxonomy. Retrieved on 11th October 2014 from: <http://www.niu.edu/facdev/programs/handouts/blooms.shtml>

[18] Hays, M.J, Kornell, N. & Bjork, R., (2010). The costs and benefits of providing feedback during learning. Pschonomic Bulletin & Review, 17(6), 797-801.

 [19] Dunn, K.E & Mulvenon, S.W. (2009). A Critical Review of Research on Formative Assessment: The Limited Scientific Evidence of the Impact of Formative Assessment in education. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 16 (7).

 [20] Ysseldyke, J.E. (2001). ‘Reflections on a research career: Generalizations from 25 years of research on assessment and instruction decision making’. Exceptional Children, 67(3), 295-308

[21] Mitchell, D. (2014). What really works in special and inclusive education: Using evidence-based teaching strategies (2nd Edition), Routeledge., 184-85

[22] Stahl, K & Bravo, M. (2010) Contemporary Classroom Vocabulary Assessment for Content Areas. The Reading Teacher Vol 63, No. 7, 569.

[23] Harkes, M. A., Brown, M. and Horsburgh, D. (2014), Self Directed Support and people with learning disabilities: a review of the published research evidence. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42: 87–101. doi: 10.1111/bld.12011

[24] Munro, J. (2011). Teaching gifted and talented students : a learning approach to differentiation. University of Melbourne.



Differentiating the Product

The product is the outcome of acquiring a set of knowledge and skills over a period of study. It is often aligned with assessment, which tests whether or not the learner has achieved the learning objectives, and to what level of success. Teachers can go about differentiating the product by providing the learner with a student contract (next section), using informal as well as formal testing, allow various ways for assessing students and giving students the choice to design products around essential learning objectives. 


Strategy: Choice

Students will make choices based on their interests, and with consideration of their strengths and weaknesses. Giving students the opportunity to choose in some instances can be beneficial for them. Gifted students may find it more rewarding to attempt the more difficult question, as it is more challenging.

Using Bloom’s revised Taxonomy to design essay questions [17]

Students either choose to do topic (a), (b) or (c)

(   a)  Discuss the ideas that motivated the surrealists with reference to 2-3 artists. (Skills = Remembering, Understanding)
(   b)  Compare the similarities between Rene Magritte’s The Son of Man (1946) and The Lovers II (1928). (Skill = Analyzing)
(   c)To what extent were the surrealists considered ‘radical’ for their time? (Skill = evaluating)

Strategy: Formative Assessment and Feedback

Visual Arts is a unique discipline that allows teachers to easily conduct formative assessment and feedback through tools such as the visual arts diary. There is a multitude of research that supports the use of formative assessment [18][19] even for low achieving students [20]. Formative assessments differ from summative assessment, which assesses the learner’s performance at the end of a unit [21]. It can be used to evaluate a learner’s progress, check for understanding, learn about the student’s interests and figure out their learning. All the information collected can be used to modify instruction and formulate assessments that are suited for the learner.


Using discreet-embedded classroom assessments to check for vocabulary and understanding [22]
The visual arts diary can be useful for teachers to check whether the student has grasped the vocabulary and key concepts that are embedded in the unit of work.


Figure 1.7
Evidence of student applying content-specific vocabulary

As well as the visual arts diary, classroom discussions can be counted as a form of formative assessment. Teachers may want to keep record of discussions that occur in class as evidence that a student has understood or not understood the content.




Strategy: Student contract as form of self-directed learning

A Student contract is a planned agreement between the teacher and student that allows a student to develop a learning objective, such as a knowledge or skill. It can also be used for behavior management where good behavior is met with positive affirmations.

Learning contracts facilitate independent learning, allowing students to be meta-cognitive in relation to their learning. Not all learners will successfully benefit through this process, such as students with particular disabilities [23]. However, some learners such as gifted and talented students could benefit from setting goals to an objective [24].


Example of a student contract for gifted learners and ESL students